論「多」、「二」、「一（0）」的螺旋結構─以《周易》與《老子》為考察重心

作者:陳滿銘(國立台灣師範大學國文系)

卷期：48卷第1期
日期：2003年7月
頁碼：1-19
DOI：10.6210/JNTNULL.2003.48(1).01

摘要：

在哲學或美學上，對所謂「對立的統一」、「多樣的統一」之概念，都非常重視，一向被目為最重要的變化規律或審美原則，而它也確實可以解釋很多哲學或美學現象。不過，「對立的統一」，指的只是「一」與「二」；而「多樣的統一」指的則是「多」與「一」。這樣分別著眼於局部來說，雖凸顯出焦點之所在，卻往往讓人忽略了一體性之完整結構。因此本文試從《周易》（含《易傳》）與《老子》等古籍中，捨異求同，不但由「有象」而「無象」，找出「多、二、一（0）」之逆向結構；也由「無象」而「有象」，尋得「（0）一 、二、多」之順向結構；並且透過《老子》「反者道之動」（四十章）、「凡物芸芸，各復歸其根」（十六章）與《周易‧序卦》「既濟」而「未濟」之說，將順、逆向結構不僅前後連接在一起，更形成循環不息的螺旋結構，並特別凸顯出「二」（陰陽、剛柔）的居間功能，與「（0）」的根源力量，以呈現中國宇宙人生觀之精微奧妙。

關鍵詞：「多、二、一（0）」、「（0）一、二、多」、螺旋結構、二元對待、多樣（對待）的統一、《周易》、《老子》

《詳全文》

On the Spiral Structure of "Multiple, Binary, and Single (Zero)"---to take Chou-yi4 and Lao3-zi3 as the corpus observation

Author: Chen Man-Ming(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,National Taiwan Normal University)

Vol.&No.：Vol. 48, No.1
Date：July 2003
Pages：1-19
DOI：10.6210/JNTNULL.2003.48(1).01

Abstract：

An "adverse/diverse unity" is emphasized in philosophy or aesthetics as the most important principle for sorts of the changing rule or beauty appreciating norm. And it is true that lots of philosophical and aesthetic phenomenon could be interpreted by the principle. However, "adverse unity" means "Single" and "Binary"; "diverse unity" means "Multiple" and "Single". Such the differentiation focuses on partials. Although the topic meaning could be presented, the interpreter neglects easily the interaction between the "Binary" (in-yan2) and the complete structure of this decoding system. Hence, in the paper I eagerly try to uncover the meaningful similarity about the spiral structure; that is, an interactive and revolving process between compliance ("(zero) unity, binary and multiple" structure) and reverse ( "multiple, binary, and unity (zero)" structure), and null versus being as well, from some Chinese masterpieces, such as Chou-yi4, Lao3-zi3, and the like. By means of the meanings of "Returning is the motion of Tao" in Lao3-zi3 (Ch.40), "Everything would return back to its Root" (Ch.16), and "Fulfillment and then Non-fulfillment" in Chou-yi4's preface, I also deduce that process between them. Furthermore, this kind of process can circle again and again to begin to form a spiral structure. In other words, I highlight the interaction of the "Binary" function and the basic power of "zero" in order to perform the precise profundity of Chinese philosophical viewpoints about the human life and nature/cosmetics.

Keywords："Multiple, Binary, and Single (Zero)", "(Zero) Single, Binary, and Multiple", Spiral structure, Binary adverse, Diverse unity, Chou-yi4, Lao3-zi3