A Criticism of Xi Zhu’s View of the Odes as Illicit love Poems in Akio Yamamoto’s Shiky? shinch?
Author: Wen-Chao Chang (Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy, Academia Sinica, Assistant Research Fellow)
Vol.&No.:Vol. 62, No. 2
Date:September 2017
Pages:31-54
DOI:10.6210/JNTNU.2017.62(2).02
Abstract:
Akio Yamamoto was a scholar during Japan’s turbulent Meiji period. Whether he was influenced by new and old scholarship in his exegesis of the Confucian classics remains unknown. Yamamoto wrote Shikyō shinchū using Xi Zhu’s Shijizhuan as a basis. What similarities and differences does his view of the Odes have with Xi Zhu’s? Are there any differences between Yamamoto’s view that the Odes were illicit love poems and that of Xi Zhu’s? These are all issues worth exploring. Hence, this study primarily explores and compares Yamamoto’s views on the Odes as illicit love poems with Xi Zhu’s views. This is done by first briefly introducing Yamamoto’s life, his learning, and his writings, and then by systematically comparing their two views. There are places where Yamamoto accepts Xi Zhu’s view and places where he rejects Xi Zhu. The latter can be divided into two categories: 1. poems Xi Zhu does not think are illicit but Yamamoto does, and 2. poems Xi Zhu thinks are illicit but Yamamoto does not. Poems in each of these types are discussed individually, looking first at their “small prefaces,” then Xi Zhu’s comments, and finally Yamamoto’s views. This should be adequate to show their differences in steps and methodologies. Results show that both lay heavy criticism against the “small prefaces,” but Yamamoto has more criticism than Xi Zhu. Also, Yamamoto criticizes 15 of the 23 poems Xi Zhu identifies as illicit love poems. These results show that there is a stark difference in their views of this aspect of the Odes, with the greatest difference being that Yamamoto does not think that the illicit poems were all written by lovers. From Yamamoto’s stance, we can see that any scholarship can be viewed skeptically, or adopted, or discarded if it is warranted, and if it strengthens one’s own views. The aim is to uncover what the ancients had not yet discovered. This paper provides the scholarly world with an initial understanding of Yamamoto’s views of illicit love poems in the Odes as well as a path by which other scholars can begin to research Yamamoto’s other views on the Odes, thereby creating a new field in researching the study of the Odes during the Meiji period.
Keywords:Akio Yamamoto, Xi Zhu, the Odes as illicit love poems, Shijizhuan, Shiky? shinch?
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