Constructing the Core Competence Indicators of Contributive Aging Retirement Preparation among People Approaching Retirement and Its Implications for Retirement Education
Author: Hu, M.-C.(Adult & Continuing Education, National Chung Cheng University), Wang Y.-F. (Industry Academy Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology)
Vol.&No.：Vol. 64, No.2
Date：June 2019
Pages：191-218
DOI：10.6209/JORIES.201906_64(2).0007
Abstract：
This research focused on constructing the core competence indicators of contributive aging retirement preparation among people approaching retirement, and the implications of future preretirement education are described in this paper. This study adopted the Delphi technique to collect and analyse data, constructing the core competence indicators of contributive aging retirement preparation among people close to retirement. This study concluded that 72 indicators exist for contributive aging retirement preparation, and that these indicators encompass four areas: (a) intentions of contribution, (b) disabilities of contribution, (c) preparations of contribution, and (d) paths of contribution. (a) is categorized into two surfaces: intrinsic factors and external factors. (b) is categorized into two surfaces: personal disabilities and environmental disabilities. (c) is categorized into two surfaces: intrinsic preparation and external preparation. (d) is categorized into two surfaces: contributing styles and contributing types. The innovation of this study is constructing the core competence indicators of contributive aging among people close to retirement, a subject that has seldom been researched in Taiwan and overseas. The value of this study lies in the indicators that have been developed to assess retirement preparation among people approaching retirement.
Keywords：contributive aging, indicators of core competence, people approaching retirement, retirement preparation
《Full Text》
References：
- 內政部戶政司（2018）。現住人口按三段、六歲年齡組分。取自https://www.moi.gov.tw/files/ site_stuff/321/1/month/month_en.html【Ministry of the Interior. (2018). Population by age of 0-14, 15-64, 65+ and by 6 year age group. Retrieved from https://www.moi.gov.tw/files/site_stuff/321/1/month/month_en.html】
- 王政彥（2008）。高齡人力在職場之運用：資本抑或成本？載於國立暨南國際大學成人與繼續教育研究所主辦之「2008全民終身學習論壇：高齡社會終身學習與人力資源發展」論文集（pp. 82-87），南投縣。【Wang, C.-Y. (2008). Senior human resource re-use: Capital or cost? In National Chi Nan University Department of Graduate Institute of Adult and Continuing Education (Ed.), Symposium of “2008 Forum of Lifelong Learning for All: Lifelong Learning in Aging Society and Human Resource Development” (pp. 82-87), Nantou, Taiwan.】
- 朱芬郁（2004）。社區高齡智者人力資源發展及其實施策略。社區發展季刊，107，345-358。【Chu, F.-Y. (2004). The human resource development and practical strategies for the elderly with wisdom in the community. Community Development Journal, 107, 345-358.】
- 朱芬郁（2012）。高齡教育：概念、方案與趨勢。臺北市：五南。【Chu, F.-Y. (2012). Senior education: Concept, program and trends. Taipei, Taiwan: Wu-Nan Book.】
- 行政院主計處（2015）。104年受僱員工動向調查。取自https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/ Attachment/6119153593HCL2D3O.pdf【Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan. (2015). Employee’ earnings survey, 2015. Retrieved from http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Attachment/4929122943H1A3FB2M.pdf】
» More
- 內政部戶政司（2018）。現住人口按三段、六歲年齡組分。取自https://www.moi.gov.tw/files/ site_stuff/321/1/month/month_en.html【Ministry of the Interior. (2018). Population by age of 0-14, 15-64, 65+ and by 6 year age group. Retrieved from https://www.moi.gov.tw/files/site_stuff/321/1/month/month_en.html】
- 王政彥（2008）。高齡人力在職場之運用：資本抑或成本？載於國立暨南國際大學成人與繼續教育研究所主辦之「2008全民終身學習論壇：高齡社會終身學習與人力資源發展」論文集（pp. 82-87），南投縣。【Wang, C.-Y. (2008). Senior human resource re-use: Capital or cost? In National Chi Nan University Department of Graduate Institute of Adult and Continuing Education (Ed.), Symposium of “2008 Forum of Lifelong Learning for All: Lifelong Learning in Aging Society and Human Resource Development” (pp. 82-87), Nantou, Taiwan.】
- 朱芬郁（2004）。社區高齡智者人力資源發展及其實施策略。社區發展季刊，107，345-358。【Chu, F.-Y. (2004). The human resource development and practical strategies for the elderly with wisdom in the community. Community Development Journal, 107, 345-358.】
- 朱芬郁（2012）。高齡教育：概念、方案與趨勢。臺北市：五南。【Chu, F.-Y. (2012). Senior education: Concept, program and trends. Taipei, Taiwan: Wu-Nan Book.】
- 行政院主計處（2015）。104年受僱員工動向調查。取自https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/ Attachment/6119153593HCL2D3O.pdf【Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan. (2015). Employee’ earnings survey, 2015. Retrieved from http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Attachment/4929122943H1A3FB2M.pdf】
- 吳美宜（2005）。我國大學通識生死教育課程設計之研究：德懷術研究法之應用（未出版碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。【Wu, M.-Y. (2005). A study of the general education of life and death curriculum for college − Application of the Delphi Technique (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.】
- 李雅慧、盧婧宜（2014）。以學習觀點探究高齡者之未來準備。福祉科技與服務管理學刊，2（1），17-26。doi:10.6283/JOCSG.2014.2.1.17 【Lee, Y.-H., & Lu, C.-Y. (2014). The exploration of middle-aged and older adults’ future preparation: Learning perspectives. Journal of Gerontechnology and Service Management, 2(1), 17-26. doi:10.6283/JOCSG.2014.2. 1.17】
- 林麗惠（2004）。高齡者生活滿意度之調查之研究。玄奘社會科學學報，2，45-84。【Lin, L.-H. (2004). The investigation of older adults’ life satisfaction. Hsuan Chuang Journal of Social Sciences, 2, 45-84.】
- 林麗惠（2006）。高齡者參與志願服務與成功老化之研究。生死學研究，4，1-36。doi:10. 29844/JLDS.200607.0001【Lin, L.-H. (2006). The study of participation volunteer service and successful aging of older adult. Journal of Life-and-Death Studies, 4, 1-36. doi:10.29844/JLDS.200607.0001】
- 林麗惠（2013）。退休前教育的需求及參與意願之分析：終生學習的觀點。中正教育研究，12（1），107-141。doi:10.3966/168395522013061201004【Lin, L.-H. (2013). The analysis of need and participation willingness of pre-retirement education: From the perspective of lifelong learning. Chung Cheng Educational Studies, 12(1), 107-141. doi:10.3966/1683955220 13061201004】
- 教育部（2017）。106年度全國各鄉鎮市區樂齡學習中心「樂齡志工」統計表。取自https://moe.senioredu.moe.gov.tw/Home/Download【Ministry of Education. (2017). Statistical of “elderly volunteers” of activity learning centers in townships and cities in the country, 2017. Retrieved from https://moe.senioredu.moe.gov.tw/Home/Download】
- 郭昭佑（2001）。教育評鑑指標建構方法探究。國教學報，13，257-285。【Guo, C.-Y. (2001). The study of indicator inquiry method of educational evaluation. Journal of Elementary Education, 13, 257-285.】
- 郭書馨、孫若馨、王怡分、胡夢鯨（2015）。嘉義縣樂齡學習示範中心特色課程標準化作業流程（SOP）規劃與實踐之探討。人文社會科學研究：教育類，9（3），24-46。【Kao, S.-H., Sun, J.-H., Wang, Y.-F., & Hu, M.-C. (2015). The planning and implementing of the specialized curriculum SOP in the Chiayi County Senior Citizens Learning Centers. NPUST Humanities and Social Science Research: Pedagogy, 9(3), 24-46.】
- 陳嬿先（2009）。高雄市退休公務員生涯規劃與學習需求關係之研究（未出版碩士論文）。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。【Chen, Y.-H. (2009). Research of the relationship between the public servants’ retirement career planning and learning needs (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.】
- 黃富順（2002）。成人學習。臺北市：五南。【Huang, F.-S. (2002). Adult learning. Taipei, Taiwan: Wu-Nan Book.】
- 黃富順、林麗惠、梁芷萱、林曉齡（2008）。我國屆齡退休及高齡者參與學習需求與意向調查研究報告。教育部委託專案報告。新竹市：玄奘大學。【Huang, F.-S., Lin, L.-H., Liang, Z.-X., & Lin, H.-L. (2008). Report on the survey of learning needs of older adults and those who soon-to-be-retired. Commissioned project report of Ministry of Education. Hsinchu, Taiwan: Hsuan Chuang University.】
- 黃緻茵（2014）。中高齡男性退休後再就業及學習歷程之研究（未出版碩士論文）。國立中正大學，嘉義縣。【Huang, C.-Y. (2014). The research of the re-employment and learning processes of retired middle aged and older males (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Chung Cheng University, Chaiyi County, Taiwan.】
- 葉重新（2001）。教育研究法。臺北市：心理。【Yeh, C.-H. (2001). Methods of educational research. Taipei, Taiwan: Psychological.】
- 潘淑滿（2003）。質性研究：理論與應用。臺北市：心理。【Pan, S.-M. (2003). Qualitative research: Theory and applications. Taipei, Taiwan: Psychological.】
- 蔡享翰（2013）。台灣個人退休規劃與再就業之研究─以民營企業為例。慈濟技術學院學報，20，75-96。【Tsai, S.-H. (2013). A study of retirement plan and reentry in Taiwan − An example of generally enterprise staff. Journal of Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, 20, 75-96.】
- 蔡培村（1995）。成人教育與生涯發展。高雄市：麗文。【Tsai, P.-T. (1995). Adult education and career development. Kaohsiung, Taiwan: Liwen.】
- 衛生福利部（2016）。～活躍樂齡～高齡志工展「耆」蹟 綻放銀色光芒。取自https://www. mohw.gov.tw/cp-2632-14686-1.html【Ministry of Health and Welfare. (2016). ~Active Ageing~ elder volunteers show their silver brilliancy. Retrieved from https://www.mohw.gov.tw/cp-2632-14686-1.html】
- 衛生福利部統計處（2014）。102老人狀況調查。取自https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/dos/cp-1767- 3586-113.html【Ministry of Health and Welfare. (2014). Report of the senior citizen condition survey 2013. Retrieved from https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/dos/cp-1767-3586-113.html】
- 蕭勝斌（2008）。高齡者服務學習的促進策略。明新學報，34（1），345-359。doi:10.29688/MHJ. 200802.0023【Hsiao, S.-P. (2008). The strategies of the elders’ service-learning. Ming Hsin Journal, 34(1), 345-359. doi:10.29688/MHJ.200802.0023】
- 賴香如、李碧霞、卓俊辰、呂昌明、溫婉玉、周維倫（2010）。透過現職教師建構國中教育與體育學習階段之自尊教學指標。教育科學研究期刊，55（1），127-154。【Lai, H.-R., Lee, P.-H., Jhuo, J.-C., Lu, C.-M., Wen, W.-Y., & Chou, W.-L. (2010). Promoting self-esteem in junior high school students by building teaching indicators: A survey of health and physical education teachers. Journal of Research in Education Sciences, 55(1), 127-154.】
- 魏惠娟（主編）（2012）。臺灣樂齡學習。臺北市：五南。【Wei, H.-C. (Ed.). (2012). Senior learning in Taiwan. Taipei, Taiwan: Wu-Nan Book.】
- 羅雅馨（2011）。高齡者參與課程式休閒活動之學習歷程與自我效能增進關係之研究（未出版碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。【Lo, Y.-H. (2011). A study of the elder enhance of self-efficacy among the learning process in curriculum-style recreational activities (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.】
- Anna, R. (2009). Pre-retirement planning in the workforce symposium to offer tips for creating effective programs. Poole College of Management News. Retrieved from http://www.mgt. ncsu.edu/index-exp.php/news/article/colleges-pre-retirement-planning-in-the-work-symposium-to-help-employers-de/
- Billig, S. H., & Klute, M. M. (2003, April). The impact of service-learning on MEAP: A large-scale study of Michigan Learn and Serve grantees. Paper presented at the National Service-Learning Conference, Minneapolis, MN.
- Burnette, D., Morrow-Howell, N., & Chen, L.-M. (2003). Setting priorities for gerontological social work research: A national Delphi study. The Gerontologist, 43(6), 828-838. doi:10.1093/geront/ 43.6.828
- Carr, D. C., & Hendricks, J. (2011). Relevance of social capital and lifestyle for the third age. In D. C. Carr & K. Komp (Eds.), Gerontology in the era of the third age: Implications and next steps (pp. 207-224). New York, NY: Springer.
- Chang, D.-F., & Lin, S.-P. (2011). Motivation to learn among older adults in Taiwan. Educational Gerontology, 37(7), 574-592. doi:10.1080/03601271003715962
- Cheng, C. W. (2010). A study of the role of perceived risk in continuing education participants’ learning motivation. The Business Review, Cambridge, 16(2), 313-320.
- Davey J. A. (2002). Active ageing and education in mid and later life. Ageing and Society, 22(1), 95-113. doi:10.1017/S0144686X02008528
- Duckenfield, M., & Wright, J. (1995). Pocket guide to service learning. Clemson, SC: National Dropout Prevention Center.
- Flum, H., & Blustein, D. L. (2000). Reinvigorating the study of vocational exploration: A framework for research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(3), 380-404. doi:10.1006/jvbe.2000.1721
- Gabelnick, F. (1997). Education a committed citizenry. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 29(1), 30-35. doi:10.1080/00091389709603111
- Griffith, T. D. (2001). The relationship between death awareness and successful aging among older adults (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.
- Hoglund, M., Sadovsky, R., & Classie, J. (2009). Engagement in life activities promotes healthy ageing in men. Journal of Men’s Health, 6(4), 354-365. doi:10.1016/j.jomh.2009.09.032
- Kahana, E., Kelley-Morre, J., & Kahana, B. (2012). Proactive ageing: A longitudinal study of stress, resources, agency, and well-being in late life. Aging & Mental Health, 16(4), 438-451. doi:10.1080/13607863.2011.644519
- Lewis, M. (2002). Service learning and older adults. Educational Gerontology, 28(8), 655-667. doi:10.1080/03601270290081461
- Linstone, H. A., & Turoff, M. (2002). The Delphi method: Techniques and applications. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
- Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2011). Designing qualitative research (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Martinez, I. L., Frick, K. D., Kim, K. S., & Fried, L. P. (2010). Older adults and retired teachers address teacher retention in urban schools. Educational Gerontology, 36(4), 263-280. doi:10.1080/03601270903212302
- McClusky, H. Y. (1971). Educational: Background issue. Washington, DC: White House Conference on Aging.
- Ogunbameru, O. A., & Asa, S. (2008). Transition to retirement: Effect of participation in preretirement education in Nigeria. Educational Gerontology, 34(5), 418-427. doi:10.1080/03601270600850867
- O’Dowd, M. (2005). Learning from childhood to mature adulthood: What makes people want to learn and keep on learning? Compare, 35(3), 321-338. doi:10.1080/03057920500212639
- O’ Quin, J. A., Bulot, J. J., & Johnson, C. J. (2005). Sustaining intergenerational service-learning in gerontology education. Education Gerontology, 31(1), 41-49. doi:10.1080/03601270590522189
- Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1998). Successful aging. New York, NY: Dell.
- Siegel, S. R. (1994). A comparative study of preretirement programs in the public sector. Public Personnel Management, 23(4), 631-647. doi:10.1177/009102609402300408
- Silverman, D. (2010). Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook (3rd ed.). London, UK: Sage.